Mood disorders affect emotional regulation, causing fluctuations in mood that can disrupt daily life and overall well-being. Early diagnosis and intervention play a critical role in managing symptoms effectively. Mood disorders can range from major depressive disorder (MDD), which is characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and a loss of motivation, to bipolar disorder, where individuals experience extreme highs (mania) followed by deep depressive episodes. Other variations include persistent depressive disorder, a chronic form of depression lasting for two years or more, and cyclothymic disorder, a milder form of bipolar disorder with frequent mood swings.

Recognizing the symptoms of mood disorders is essential for early intervention. Many individuals experience chronic sadness, feelings of emptiness, changes in appetite, sleep disturbances, withdrawal from social activities, difficulty concentrating, and in severe cases, suicidal thoughts. Emotional instability can significantly impact daily functioning, makingprofessional evaluation crucial.